Addition by subtraction -- Not all dividends are created equal

The current low bond yield, low growth environment has fostered a growing interest in high dividend yield paying stock. I myself have a separate account offering focused on this very area of the equity markets.  A number of ETF's have popped up as well over the last few years to accommodate this demand.

Some of these ETF's may not be the best designed and can show the downside of simplistic indexing. An excellent example of this is Pitney Bowes' recent dividend slashing.

For those of you unfamiliar with the company, they derive a vast majority of their revenue from helping companies snail mail packages and letters.  (Pitney Bowes presentation dated 02/12/13, page 6)  Since you are reading this post online I don't think much discussion is needed to expound upon the disruptive capabilities of the internet. The revenue chart below shows how they have fared.  I do imply anything nefarious with the company mind you, just they are stuck in a market segment that will most likely continue to experience challenges in the future.

They recently cut their dividend after several years of consistent dividend increases. The stock has not done well in the past few years.

When this company popped up on my screens for possible purchase it didn't take long for me to reject it.

As you can see from this chart from ycharts.com, revenue growth has been declining for years, even though dividends have been rising.

Pitney Bowes data - source: ycharts.com

Unfortunately there were a few dividend focused etf's which were sucked into buying the very high yield provided by the stock. Thanks to the site xtf.com we can see which etf's hold the stock

Etf's holding PBI - source xtf.com

Note: 20% of the free float of PBI is held in ETF's and the vast majority of the top ten etf holders were dividend focused.

Pitney Bowes shows just because a company has a high yield and a growing dividend you shouldn't just blindly purchase it.  Always do you homework and look at their long term history and prospects. A very high yield can be a sign of distress instead of opportunity.

Disclosure: Do not and never have held Pitney Bowes stock in my dividend focused separate accounts  or anywhere else.

Copper inventories swelling

I have discussed copper before and something recently caught my eye which deserves a followup post.  Copper inventories are rising rather dramatically.

Worldwide copper inventories and yearly change

As you can see from the chart above copper inventories are now at highs not seen since nearly 10 years ago.  More importantly the year over year change is quite positive as well.  The above graph is a month old but as we can see from a higher frequency chart total inventories may break 900 thousand tons soon.

Glocal Copper stocks - Source: Reuters

Copper pricing has been week recently as well and sits on a rough trendline going back to mid 2010.

Copper prices week - Source: Finviz.com

Why inventories are rising so quickly could be due to several forces, some of the top of my head are:

Rising production -- New mines coming online.

Declining demand -- A sluggish Europe could be assisting in keeping demand down.

Hidden inventory being brought back onto the markets -- If this is a case of Dark Copper coming back into the official warehouses it would validate some theories regarding base metals being used as financing source in China.  FT.com posts dated March 31, 2011  and April, 26 2012 provide good roundups of the possibility and mechanics.

Of course only hindsight knows why copper stocks are building right now. We have to wait to find out why.

Disclosure: Short Base Metals

Jim Chanos is still short China - video

The video I previously posted has incited a new round of Chinese Empty City Watching.  Jim Chanos, the famous short seller, was recently on CNBC explaining his rationale and hinting at his short positions.



Link to video

How many more times China can continue down this path is unknown.

60 Minutes discovers the Chinese Housing Bubble

Last night 60 Minutes ran a piece on the housing bubble of China:



Link to video
I have written about the Chinese Housing Bubble at length and it is nice to see the popular media pick up on it as well.  I wonder how much longer this can go on.

A warning from the unemployment line

The weekly initial claims for unemployment data was released today and it is getting close to being a concern of mine.

Year over year change, initial unemployed claims - Source Federal Reserve

As can be seen from this chart of *non seasonally adjusted and *4 week average of seasonally adjusted data, (the noisiest and smoothest interpretations of this data series) the rate of decline has effectively stopped. Yes there were some spikes upwards during the hurricane Sandy and blizzard Nemo, but the trend has started to move upwards after spending most of 2011 and 2012 fluctuating around an annual decline in jobs  unemployment claims of ~40,000.

We are now near the break-even mark and if it starts to consistently go positive, (more people laid off now as compared to last year) this would be a very strong warning flag to the US economy.

Considering the recent payroll tax hike and other tax increases recently imposed it is possible we may see this happen.

Employment, seasonality, and noise

The monthly employment report can be a high volatility day for the markets.  The ADP report (BusinessInsider.com) came in above expectations and this was most likely the reason for early weakness in bond prices. (before the Fed Minutes release.)  However how one looks at the data can change your perspective.

Monthly employment numbers, ADP and Federal
Source: Federal Reserve

ADP data is shown in red, with Federal data shown in blue. Looking at the data, it does look quite random, great recession notwithstanding. It jerks up and down with no apparent order and the ADP data does not appear to track the Federal data well.  No wonder the markets can be volatile on employment release days.

Let us look at the data a slightly different way ...

Year over year change in employment, ADP and Federal
Source: Federal Reserve

Same data, just looking at a year over year percentage change instead of an absolute monthly change.  Looks a little different doesn't it?  There are minor variations in the two curves but not much.  Looking at the data this way however, it appears we are on the downslope of employment growth and that great ADP number which was released today doesn't look so impressive does it?

I'm not implying what tomorrow's employment report will look like, just a hint that how you look at the data can make a big difference in what conclusions to draw.

The fiscal cliff of 1937

With all the current noise regarding the 'fiscal cliff' I thought a look back at when we had a real fiscal cliff would be interesting.

Steve Keen, an Australian economist I've mentioned before recently gave a presentation to members of Congress regarding the Fiscal Cliff of 1937.

Source: http://www.debtdeflation.com/blogs/2012/12/06/briefing-for-congress-on-the-fiscal-cliff-lessons-from-the-1930s/

In his presentation Mr. Keen describes the mechanism through which a dramatic tax increase coupled with an absolute cut in spending threw the US economy into a recession.  From 1937 to '38 tax receipts when up ~25% and spending was cut ~8%  While in the 1937 spending and taxes were a much smaller percentage of GDP, the large swings in their absolute numbers were enough to decrease the deficit from -2.5% to -0.1% or a change of 2.4% (source: White House)

Additionally the Federal Reserve shrank their balance sheet at the same time:

The wrong time to anti-QE
Source: Federal Reserve

The combination of Fiscal and Monetary tightening pushed the economy back into recession. (Vertical gray lines on above graph.)

Right now we are experiencing a similar situation: The US economy is working off the excesses of a burst credit bubble and federal spending and deficits are at an all time high.   

Spending and Taxes from 1930 on
Source: White House

As you can see above, spending is at at a peacetime high and taxes are near a post WWII low. (Both relative to GDP.) Combine the two and you have the largest peacetime deficit from 1900 onward. (The data from the White House doesn't go back any further than 1900, so there may be another time period before then however I doubt we have experienced peacetime 10+% budget deficits before.)

Today we can see the credit bubble bursting in a chronically high unemployment rate and sluggish GDP growth.  Unlike other downturns, our GDP did not rebound much. 

Real US GDP
Source: Federal Reserve

A ~2.5% GDP growth rate after coming out of a recession is quite low as compared to historical norms.

Raising taxes too quickly combined with actual spending cuts on an already slowly growing economy could send us immediately into a recession.  This is what has Wall Street in a current tizzy and is already hitting consumer confidence.

Predictions about the future are tricky, especially when politicians are involved.

How much taxes go up, and if there are any actual spending cuts will determine how much of a fiscal drag hits the economy in 2013.  Right now it's all speculation and I'm not going to try to predict what Congress and the President will eventually agree to, before or after January 1, but there are a few items which appear certain:

• Taxes will go up, but not as much as 1937 on a percentage basis
• Spending will most likely not decline on an absolute basis
• Federal spending is a much larger percentage of the economy than in 1937
• The Federal Reserve will NOT shrink its balance sheet in 2013

How much taxes will go up and on whom is the unknown and that is what is creating uncertainty in the mind of corporations and individuals.  Until we have clarity both the markets and consumer actions may be volatile.

Additional reading:

http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2012/12/what-is-the-fiscal-cliff/

http://www.cringely.com/2012/12/16/dr-al-explains-the-so-called-so-called-fiscal-cliff/

http://soberlook.com/2012/11/putting-fiscal-cliff-in-perspective.html

I actually wrote about this 2+ years ago as I was studying the history of the Great Depression.
http://merrillovermatter.blogspot.com/2010/06/is-steep-yield-curve-leading-us-astray.html

Thanks to
 @mbusigin 1937 fed data
 @AlephBlog When is a 'cut' really a 'cut' in Washington speak (hint, not very often)